America's Greenhouse Obligation
Published June 04, 2009 @ 02:37PM PT
Click on this map to view a larger size in PDF format. Source: Purdue University
This December, world leaders will meet in Copenhagen for the next round of climate talks. This is where the successor treaty to the Kyoto Protocol, the carbon-cap-and-reduction agreement that expires in 2012, will be crafted.
The United States has a very special role to play in these negotiations, given that it has produced more greenhouse gas, in total, than any other nation.
Yes, China recently eclipsed America as the number one greenhouse gas polluter in the world. ANd India’s emissions are growing quickly too. Many people argue that we shouldn’t take action here in America unless large developing nations like China and India do so first, because it will be useless.
But this is a false argument.
Over the past 150 years, the US has emitted some 328,264 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (MtCO2). This adds up to almost 30 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) caused by human activities, which are estimated to be well over 1,000,000 MtCO2 since 1850.
By comparison, no other nation has produced more than eight percent of historic GHGs. Not even China, which emitted 92,950 MtCO2 over the same time frame.
This places upon the US a moral obligation to lead the world’s response to the climate crisis.
Which brings us to December's meeting in Copenhagen. This is pretty much the last chance we have to get an agreement that will produce coordinated, effective action to prevent catastrophic climate change. Central to the negotiations at the UN climate conference will be national targets, and ultimately a global target, for greenhouse gas pollution reductions.
That means that we need to show up in Copenhagen with the strongest possible commitments to cutting our own GHGs.
The Waxman-Markey climate bill making its way through the House of Representatives simply will not cut it. (This is the position of Greenpeace, where I work, and I agree.)
Scientists tell us that global GHGs must peak by 2015, and then be gradually drawn down to as close to zero as possible by 2050, if we are to avert the worst effects of global warming. More precisely, global emissions must be 25-40% below 1990 levels by 2020, and 80-95% by 2050.
Waxman-Markey would set domestic targets of only around 14% below 2005 levels by 2020, which works out to be about 4% of 1990 levels.
The Obama Administration has another shot at regulating greenhouse gas emissions, however. The EPA recently concluded in an "endangerement finding" that there is sufficient evidence showing that greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels is endangering human health and welfare. The agency is currently accepting public comments to help it decide what to do next.
Write to the EPA now and urge it to regulate greenhouse gases.
If you still doubt that America needs to lead the world in tackling global warming, consider this: Per person, GHGs in the US have historically been far higher than those of most other countries in the world. In 2005, the United States emitted 23.5 metric tons of global warming pollution for every man, woman and child in the nation. That’s more than four times greater than China (5.5 tons per person), and almost 14 times the rate of India (1.7 tons per capita).
Now, imagine a world in which the nearly three BILLION people living in India and China achieve per capita emissions levels equivalent to those of the US, where we have just over 300 million people.
You see where I’m going with this: If China and India's per capita GHG emissions levels reach ours, there is no chance of averting the worst effects of global warming. That's why it's so important that the US not only lower our own emissions as aggressively as is feasible, but that we also help lead the rest of the world, especially the developing world, towards real solutions to global warming and help them economically so they can bypass the dirty fossil fuels of the past as much as possible.
If you need further convincing, check out “America’s Share of the Climate Crisis,” a new Greenpeace report. It provides a detailed, state-by-state breakdown of historic emissions data for all 50 states.
I was not terribly shocked to learn that my home state of Texas “would rank sixth out of 184 countries in the world in total emissions, trailing just China, Russia, Germnay, Japan, and the United Kingdom” if it were its own country. But still, that’s a staggering statistic.
According to the report, from 1960-2005 each state produced an average of 4,449 MtCO2. That amount ranks 30th out of the 184 countries included in the study. Put another way: More than 150 countries emit less GHGs than the average American state.
With numbers like these, it’s undeniable: Given the depth of our responsibility for creating the climate crisis, it’s incumbent upon us to lead the world’s efforts to stop global warming.
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Comments (15)
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Author
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Mike G. has been a progressive and environmental activist since he knocked on his first door as a canvasser in college. He's been writing about progressive and environmental causes on the web almost as long. He is currently a Web Editor at Greenpeace USA, covering the org's global warming, forests, and nuclear energy campaigns. Mike has two English degrees gathering dust in his closet: a Masters from San Jose State (in California) and a Bachelors from the University of Texas, Austin. When not being a web geek, he is a writer (mostly of sci-fi), editor, cyclist, and musician. He lives in San Francisco and loves it there.
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OK Emily, We can lead on this, but only if We have a total embargo of all imports from any country that does not follow. There is absolutely no sense in trying this if it simply means shipping the remainder of Our jobs to a country building a coal plant every 5 days. With such an embargo in place, maybe we can see the birth of a new, green industrial base in America. I do completely agree with you on this though, We do need to lead.
Posted by Charlie Reed on 06/04/2009 @ 05:32PM PT
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One of the beauties of green manufacturing jobs is that many (most?) of them are impossible to export. Weatherization, climate change mitigation, water efficiency retrofits, etc: that all needs to happen on-site (the site being North America).
Wind power nacelles and towers are so enormous and heavy, that I don't think it's economically feasible to make them abroad and ship them in. (Although I've heard investors talk about problems with shipping them across state lines, when the weight limits and other variable factors on shipping freight can become real headaches, apparently.)
Don't know how realistic it is to try and modify international trade agreements so that we could economically shun GHG polluters...but it would certainly be an interesting tactic to at least suggest it.
Posted by Emily Gertz on 06/05/2009 @ 07:24AM PT
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That will be like Smoot-Hawley all over again. Please try not to fall into the protectionist trap. We have made such progress since then and I would hate to see it all lost.
Posted by Mark O on 06/05/2009 @ 09:15AM PT
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Sorry Mike, should have looked up!
Posted by Charlie Reed on 06/04/2009 @ 05:33PM PT
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On China's behalf, besides all that we buy -- because we don't make much here anymore, and apparently can't do it as cheaply -- haven't our corporations moved the environmentally-dirtiest jobs over there?
If we're going to lead, we should also expect our corporations to clean up their acts when they ship their polluting manufacturing jobs overseas.
Posted by Sue G. on 06/04/2009 @ 06:54PM PT
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All the more reason to buy Fair Trade!
http://www.fairtradefederation.org
Posted by Mark O on 06/05/2009 @ 09:17AM PT
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I would rather pay more for a green made, American made product than one built in a plant that poisoned the earth. I also believe if We cutoff the competition the American companies would survive with the higher prices They could charge. I know higher prices do not sound attractive, but with American money set for a nose dive under this admin. anyway, prices are set to skyrocket.
Posted by Charlie Reed on 06/04/2009 @ 07:11PM PT
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As long as we can get a reasonable estimate of CO2 output, and as long as the people on this planet stay focused on the problem, there is going to be pressure from all sides to reign in greenhouse gas emissions. Already China and India are aware of the threats to their nations from global climate change (GCC), and the threats to those nations are great. If they see us taking the lead, it will be very hard for them not to follow. There is a moral side to this, also. If someone were standing at the side of the road with a chained bear, handing out five dollar bills to anyone who passed by who would hit the bear with a baseball bat, what would you do? Would it depend on how rich our poor you were? And what if you found yourself up there with all the bear beaters, and you started discussing among yourselves how stupid you felt, but everyone needed the money. Suddenly, some says, "I'll stop if you stop!" Think about this. There is little question as to your reaction.The right thing to do morally is to lower our output of CO2 now to address GCC. We are the richest country that ever existed on the face of the earth. We can do this and still remain a strong nation, because our greatness has always rested more on our principles and on our people than on our wealth.There are instances in recent history where America could have reacted in a way that would have saved lives, but we did not. This affects the way America is viewed around the world. It is now time to take the high road on this issue because we have dragged our feet for far too long. We stand to lose enormous credibility with other nations if we do not act now, and more lost credibility is something America can no longer afford.
Posted by Craig Nazor on 06/07/2009 @ 05:23PM PT
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Much of what we have read about climate change is bogus, especially the computer modelling on which much current scientific opinion is based, which is primitive at best. Errors and distortions in computer modelling will be exposed in time. (As if on cue, the United Nations' peak scientific body on climate change was obliged to make an embarrassing admission recently that some of its computers models were wrong.)
Noted Australian geologist Ian Plimer does not dispute the dramatic flux of climate change - and this column is not about Australia's water debate - but he fundamentally disputes most of the assumptions and projections being made about the current causes, mostly led by atmospheric scientists, who have a different perspective on time. "It is little wonder that catastrophist views of the future of the planet fall on fertile pastures. The history of time shows us that depopulation, social disruption, extinctions, disease and catastrophic droughts take place in cold times … and life blossoms and economies boom in warm times. Planet Earth is dynamic. It always changes and evolves. It is currently in an ice age."
If we look at the last 6 million years, the Earth was warmer than it is now for 3 million years. The ice caps of the Arctic, Antarctica and Greenland are geologically unusual. Polar ice has only been present for less than 20 per cent of geological time.
What follows is an intense compression of his book's 500 pages and all their provocative arguments and conclusions:
Is dangerous warming occurring? No.
Is the temperature range observed in the 20th century outside the range of normal variability? No.
The Earth's climate is driven by the receipt and redistribution of solar energy. Despite this crucial relationship, the sun tends to be brushed aside as the most important driver of climate. Calculations on supercomputers are primitive compared with the complex dynamism of the Earth's climate and ignore the crucial relationship between climate and solar energy.
"To reduce modern climate change to one variable, CO2, or a small proportion of one variable - human-induced CO2 - is not science. To try to predict the future based on just one variable (CO2) in extraordinarily complex natural systems is folly. Yet when astronomers have the temerity to show that climate is driven by solar activities rather than CO2 emissions, they are dismissed as dinosaurs undertaking the methods of old-fashioned science."
Posted by Lee Hernly on 06/07/2009 @ 05:46PM PT
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Here's what Wikipedia says about Ian Plimer:
"Plimer is also critical of what he sees as irrational elements within the environmental movement. He is critical of greenhouse gas politics and argues that extreme environmental changes are inevitable and unavoidable. In 2009, Plimer released Heaven and Earth, a book in which he claims that climate models focus too strongly on the effects of carbon dioxide, rather than factoring other issues such as solar variation."
Plimer also states that El Niño is caused by earthquakes and volcanic activity at the mid-ocean ridges. This contrasts with the view held by the meteorological and oceanographic communities, which is that El Niño arises from dynamical interactions between the atmosphere and ocean."
Ian Plimer has come up with more than one argument that is on the fringe of what scientists generally believe. As with El Niño, he's not saying that global climate change isn't happening - he's saying that it is not human caused. Peer reviewed science states that GCC is happening, a major cause of it is human activity, and that activity is primarily the release of greenhouse gasses, particularly CO2.
There are always those scientist who will disagree with mainstream science. There are a number of scientists who disagree with evolution (Ian Plimer is not one of them). It only counts (in science) when the person with the contrary view can convince other scientists, through the collection of good data, the analysis of good data with good logic, or the repeatable performance of conclusive experiments that he may be correct. Ian Plimer has yet to do that.
Posted by Craig Nazor on 06/07/2009 @ 08:09PM PT
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I totally agree. We're the most responsible for this calamity and we need to own up to that and start acting responsibly.
I hope you will support my petition to restore solar panels to the White House.
Jimmy Carter tried to make Americans leaders in sustainable energy by putting solar panels on the White House. Instead, his efforts were scorned and one of Ronald Reagan's first acts as President was to remove the solar panels because "America didn't conserve its way into greatness."
I think that's backwards. Wastefulness is NOT a path to greatness, but leadership in conservation could be a real path to greatness.
Posted by Toni Seger on 06/08/2009 @ 07:55AM PT
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I encourage you to read up on Jimmy Carter and Synfuels and compare what they tried in the 1970's to what is being tried today.
Posted by Mark O on 06/08/2009 @ 09:28AM PT
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Mark,
Thank you for responding.
Yes, I know Jimmy Carter's Synfuels program was not successful. I am not advocating for that. Nor am I advocating we employ the solar technology of the 1970's. Neither of those are the subject of my petition.
My petition is to restore solar power to the White House; a location from which it should never have been removed. The leader of the free world should be a leader in global conservation.
There is simply no argument against bringing solar power back to the White House.
Obama has already shown himself to be a man of vision. Given enough signatures to get his attention, President Obama will definitely take this action and, by doing so, he will galvanize the entire solar movement.
Posted by Toni Seger on 06/09/2009 @ 06:15AM PT
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Great Article! We need some planning and some doing too, right away! A challenge is good for you...
I want to motivate individuals to change now, to use what they know and care about to think about better transportation options and food choices, then energy savings at home and work, and all with an eye to future. Can you change for better? Lets talk about the best ways to do it: Join me on http://unpollute.ning.com Thanks.
Posted by Emett Stasiuk on 06/09/2009 @ 09:08PM PT
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Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis. Because of low current atmospheric concentration, carbon dioxide is practically the limiting factor of the Earth life, as compare to two other similarly important components - water and sun light. While plants "in wild" are optimized for this, plant-intense greenhouses may (and of large size - must) enrich their atmospheres with additional CO2 to sustain plant life and growth, because the low present-day atmosphere concentration of CO2 is just above the "suffocation" level for green plants. A photosynthesis-related drop (by a factor less than two) in carbon dioxide concentration in a greenhouse compartment would kill green plants, or, at least, completely stop their growth. At very high concentrations (a factor of =>100 than its atmospheric concentration), carbon dioxide can be toxic to animal life, so raising the concentration to 10,000 ppm (1%) or higher for several hours will eliminate pests such as whiteflies and spider mites in a greenhouse.
It has been proposed that carbon dioxide from power generation be bubbled into ponds to grow algae that could then be converted into biodiesel fuel. Carbon dioxide is already increasingly used in greenhouses as the main carbon source for Spirulina algae. In medicine, up to 5% carbon dioxide (factor 150 as compare to atmospheric concentration) is added to pure oxygen for stimulation of breathing after apnea and to stabilize the O2/CO2 balance in blood.
Posted by R K on 06/22/2009 @ 04:17PM PT
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